Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the First Philippine Republic:
on 22nd January 1899 - Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as
President of the First Philippine Republic:
NAMEEmilio AguinaldoOCCUPATIONPresident (non-U.S.), GeneralBIRTH DATEMarch 22, 1869DEATH DATEFebruary 6, 1964EDUCATIONUniversity of Santo TomasPLACE OF BIRTHKawit, Cavite, PhilippinesPLACE OF DEATHQuezon City, PhilippinesFULL NAMEEmilio AguinaldoNICKNAMEMiongSYNOPSISEARLY LIFEINDEPENDENCE FROM SPAINPHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WARDEATHCITE THIS PAGEFilipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo led his country to achieve independence after fighting off both the Spanish and the Americans.IN THESE GROUPS
FAMOUS GOVERNMENTFAMOUS ARIANSFAMOUS PEOPLE BORN IN KAWIT, CAVITEFAMOUS PEOPLE BORN IN PHILIPPINESShow All Groupsquotes“I saw my own soldiers die without affecting future events.”—Emilio AguinaldoSynopsis
Revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 22, 1869, in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines. In 1898, he achieved independence of the Philippines from Spain and was elected the first president of the new republic under the Malolos Congress. He also led the Philippine-American War against U.S. resistance to Philippine independence. Aguinaldo died of a heart attack on February 6, 1964, in Quezon City, Philippines.
Early Life
Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 22, 1869, in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines. Nicknamed Miong, Aguinaldo was the seventh of eight children. His parents were of Chinese and Tagalog descent. His father, Carlos, died when Aguinaldo was just nine years old. Widowed, his mother, Trinidad, sent him to attend public school in Manila.
After graduating from the University of Santo Thomas in Manila, Aguinaldo returned home to Kawit, where he developed a growing awareness of Filipino frustration with Spanish colonial rule.
While serving as the head of barter in Manila, he joined the Pilar Lodge chapter of the Freemasonry in 1895. The Freemasonry was a government- and church-banned resistance group. It was through his role as municipal captain of this fraternity that Aguinaldo met Andres Bonifacio, a key figure in the fight to overthrow Spanish rule.
Independence From Spain
Eager to fight for the cause of Philippine independence, in 1895 Aguinaldo took up with a secret society of revolutionaries headed by fellow lodge member Andres Bonifacio. When a rival faction executed Bonifacio in 1897, Aguinaldo assumed total leadership of the revolution against Spain.
By December 1897, Aguinaldo had managed to reach the Truce of Biak-na-Bato with Spain. He and his rebels agreed to a surrendering of arms and accepted exile to Hong Kong in exchange for amnesty, indemnity and liberal reform. However, neither side kept up their end of the bargain. The Spanish government did not deliver in full all that was promised, and the rebels did not truly surrender arms. In fact, Aguinaldo's revolutionaries used some of Spain's financial compensation to purchase additional arms for the resistance. From Hong Kong, Aguinaldo also made arrangements to assist Americans fighting against Spain in the Spanish-American War. As neither peace nor independence had been achieved, in 1898 Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines to resume his rebellion against Spanish rule.
Back in Cavite, Aguinaldo forcibly set up a provisional dictatorship. After meeting with the Malolos Congress and drafting a constitution for a new republic, on June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo at last declared Philippine independence. Announced from his home town of Kawit, Aguinaldo's proclamation put an end to four centuries of Philippine oppression under Spanish Colonial rule. In January of the following year, dressed in a white suit at Barasoain Church in Malolos City, Aguinaldo was sworn in as the first president of the new, self-governed Philippine republic.
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Philippine-American War
The United States, however, was not eager to accept the Philippines' new government. While the United States and Spain had been fighting the Spanish-American War, the Philippines had been ceded by Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris in December 1898.
Just two weeks after Aguinaldo's inauguration, an American sentry killed a Philippine soldier stationed at the San Juan Bridge, in a gesture of resistance against the newfound Philippine independence. On February 4, 1899, the Philippine-American War exploded into action. Aguinaldo's revolutionaries quickly resorted to guerilla tactics, resulting in one of the bloodiest wars in American history, but in little direct progress for Aguinaldo and his cause. Concerning the apparent futility of his efforts in war, Aguinaldo said, "I saw my own soldiers die without affecting future events."
After three years at war, Aguinaldo was captured by American General Frederick Funston on March 23, 1901. After swearing an oath of allegiance to the United States, on April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo officially declared peace with the United States. By this time, the United States was ready support Philippine independence. Friendly relations, along with an American civil government, were established. Aguinaldo retreated to a private life as a farmer but never forgot the men who fought alongside him. In their honor, he would later establish the Veterans of the Revolution, an organization that arranged their pensions, as well as affordable payment plans for land purchases.
Aguinaldo took another stab at politics when he ran for presidency in 1935 against Manuel Quezon but lost. In 1950 he became a presidential advisor on the Council of State.
Death
Emilio Aguinaldo died of a heart attack at Veterans Memorial Hospital in Quezon City, Philippines, on February 6, 1964. His private land and mansion, which he had donated the prior year, continue to serve as a shrine to both the revolution for Philippine independence and the revolutionary himself.
January 23, 2013 imprints the 114th Anniversary of the First Republic of the Philippines that was initiated in Malolos, Bulacan. It likewise denote the commemoration of the begin of the Presidency of Emilio Aguinaldo, the first President of the Philippines. The Malolos Republic was the climax of the Philippine Revolution, which started with the Katipunan and prompted the formation of the First Constitution and Republican Government of Asia. To honor this, President Benigno S. Aquino III, by prudence of Proclamation No. 533, s. 2013, pronounced January 23 of each year as "Araw ng Republikang Filipino, 1899."
kkk nmanb seal
Seal of the Katipunan. The initials read accordingly: Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan Ng Mga Anak Ng Bayan.
The First Republic follows its beginnings to the Revolution of 1896, which started under the authority of the Katipunan, a mystery society with a structure designed after Freemasonry, and which meant to achieve autonomy for the Philippines. It was driven by the President of the Supreme Council; the most extraordinary of whom was Andres Bonifacio. The Katipunan had parts in Manila and different territories in the Philippines. Because of political and different contrasts between the parts from Manila and different regions, divisions emerged in the association, provoking its pioneers to require a tradition to attempt and reunify the general public.
panguluhang digma
Seal of Aguinaldo's Magdalo faction of the Katipunan.
On March 22, 1897 the Tejeros Convention was held with a specific end goal to accommodate the contrasts between the two factions of the Katipunan: the Magdalo, which saw Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy as its pioneer, and the Magdiwang, which floated towards Andres Bonifacio. The result was a choice that the Katipunan ought to be broken up and a progressive government created. Races were held for its officers: Emilio Aguinaldo was chosen President and Andres Bonifacio, the previous pioneer of the Katipunan, was chosen Director of the Interior. At first, Bonifacio acknowledged his position, yet was offended when Daniel Tirona questioned. Bonifacio announced the incidents of the Tejeros Convention invalid and void and built another government. This was seen as a demonstration of injustice by the others and Bonifacio was accused of declining to perceive recently settled Revolutionary Government. He was captured and sentenced to death in Maragondon, Cavite.
The Revolutionary government, drove by Aguinaldo, proceeded with the upset against the Spaniards. As of right now, the Spaniards were of the feeling that the upset was in decrease and focused their endeavors on seeking after Aguinaldo and his sidekicks. By the recent piece of 1897, Aguinaldo was constrained by progressing Spanish strengths to withdraw to the mountains of Biak-na-Bato.
republika de filipinas presendencia
Seal of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
On November 1, 1897, Aguinaldo, alongside a few progressives, met a national's get together so as to draft a temporary constitution for the Philippines, which now be known as the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato. The legislature built was to be going by a Supreme Council made out of a President, Vice President, and four Secretaries engaged to administer. Be that as it may, this arrangement never emerged on the grounds that Aguinaldo went into transactions with the Spanish government. This brought about an assention under which Philippine Revolutionaries would go into outcast in Hong Kong and surrender their arms in return for monetary repayments and exonerations. The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, as it would later be called, was marked on December 16, 1897. Aguinaldo and the progressives withdrew for Hong Kong on December 24, 1897. In Hong Kong, Aguinaldo and his mates created a Junta, which progressed in the direction of proceeding with the insurgency and picking up opportunity from the Spaniards.
With the flare-up of the Spanish–american War, Aguinaldo, with parts of the Hong Kong Junta, came back to the Philippines amidst 1898, to proceed with the transformation. On May 28, 1898, the Philippine Flag was spread out surprisingly at the skirmish of Alapan. Philippine Independence was formally declared on June 12, 1898, when Aguinaldo waved the banner in Kawit, Cavite, and was announced despot. There, the Philippine National Anthem was additionally played surprisingly.
gobno dicttorial filipinas
Seal of the Dictatorial Government.
Six days after the announcement of freedom, Aguinaldo issued a decree formalizing the making of a domineering government in charge of surveying the needs of the nation. The Dictatorial Government would keep going for just five days. Upon the counsel of Apolinario Mabini, Aguinaldo issued an ensuing announcement annulling it and making a progressive government. Aguinaldo's title was changed from Dictator to the President of the Revolutionary Government and Captain-General of its armed force. As per Mabini, this was carried out keeping in mind the end goal to keep different regions from survey Aguinaldo's oppressive power with suspicion. The announcement likewise made a Revolutionary Congress to draft a constitution for the legislature. On August 1, 1898, the declaration of freedom was endorsed by commonplace delegates keeping in mind the end goal to legitimize the Revolutionary Government.
gobyerno revolucionario
Seal of the Revolutionary Government.
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